This report assesses the economic impact created by the presence of American Indians in Oklahoma. In 1980, American Indians in Oklahoma numbered 169,459, or 5.6% of the state's population. Most Indians lived in central and eastern counties. Compared to the general population, Indians were younger, less educated, and had higher unemployment and poverty rates. Mail survey responses from 146 businesses owned by individual Indians indicate that: (1) these firms are concentrated in Tulsa and Oklahoma City; (2) most employees work in construction, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; and (3) these businesses have little involvement with tourists. Responses from 16 tribes show $49 million in tribal budgets, $80 million in federal and state assistance, $52 million in annual gross sales for tribally owned business, and $4.5 million in tourism generated by tribal activity and businesses. Oklahoma received $273 million, 8.9% of total federal Indian domestic assistance, for fiscal year 1986. All Oklahoma Indian-owned businesses employed 6,956 people, produced sales of $951 million, and accounted for an estimated $196 million in gross state product (GSP). American Indians working outside Indian-owned businesses and tribal enterprises contributed about $82 million to the Oklahoma economy as employees. Estimates of American Indian contributions account for less than 1% of the GSP; this can be increased by increasing federal payments to Oklahoma's American Indians and by generating additional Indian entrepreneurial activity. The report includes 31 tables, graphs, and maps. (SV)