Nonbehavioral approaches to marital therapy have only recently become subject to empirical validation in contrast to extensively researched behavioral approaches. Behavioral marital therapy outcome research was examined as a reference point for evaluating the outcome studies of four nonbehavioral marital approaches: insight-oriented, cognitive, systemic, and experiential. For this study 19 nonbehavioral marital therapy outcome studies in addition to several meta-analysis studies relevant to therapy outcome research were reviewed. Insight-oriented marital therapy appears to be at least minimally effective when directive interventions are excluded from the treatment. When included, one insight-oriented approach appears to offer a therapeutic efficacy equal to that of Behavioral Marital Therapy (BMT), and perhaps superior to BMT in respect to long-term gains. Cognitive marital therapy also appears to be relatively ineffective when behavioral interventions are excluded from the treatment. The findings for systemic marital therapy must be viewed as tentative because there were only two direct outcome studies. These treatments were generally as effective as the behavioral components to which they were compared, but they showed a tendency toward greater deterioration of treatment gains. Two models of experiential marital therapy were reviewed, and both evidenced a measure of effectiveness with distressed couples. Nonbehavioral approaches generally appear to be as effective as behavioral approaches, and possibly more effective when intrapersonal elements are emphasized. (LLL)