The purpose of this study was to operationalize the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict the sleep intentions and behaviors of undergraduate college students attending a Midwestern University. Data collection spanned three phases. The first phase included a semi-structured qualitative interview (n = 11), readability by Flesch-Kincaid, face and content validity by a panel of six experts. The second phase included stability reliability by test-retest (n = 37). The final phase included construct validation applying confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha, and predictive validity (n = 197) employing multiple regression analysis. The majority of the participants reported receiving insufficient sleep (M = 407.3 min, SD = 100.75). Multiple regression modeled perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and attitude toward adequate sleep behavior on behavioral intention. Collectively, the significant predictors produced an R adjusted[superscript 2] value of 0.362. Further specification of the model identified behavioral intention as a significant predictor of sleep behavior (R adjusted[superscript 2] = 0.185). As a population, undergraduate college students are not achieving adequate sleep. The TPB was found to be a useful framework for predicting the sleep intentions and behaviors of undergraduate students. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.