To efficiently assess multiple psychological constructs and to minimize the burden on respondents, psychologists increasingly use shortened versions of existing tests. However, compared to the longer test, a shorter test version may have a substantial impact on the reliability and the validity of the test scores in psychological research and individual decision making. In this study, we reviewed the psychological literature for recent trends in the use of short tests and examined in depth how and to what extent test constructors and test users addressed the impact on reliability and validity, other potential consequences of using short tests. The sample consisted of shortened tests found in six peer-reviewed psychological journals in the period 2005-2010. Based on our review, we provided recommendations for psychologists considering test shortening. (Contains 6 tables and 3 figures.)