Is improved school accessibility an effective policy tool for reducing child labor in developing countries? We address this question using microdata from rural Tanzania and a regression strategy that attempts to control for nonrandom location of households around schools as well as classical and nonclassical measurement error in self-reported distance to school. Our analysis shows that school proximity leads to a rise in school attendance but no significant fall in child labor. (Contains 2 figures, 7 tables and 19 footnotes.)