In 1959, the American Institutes for Research (AIR) and the University of Pittsburgh selected a stratified random probability sample of all secondary schools (public, parochial, and private) in the United States, tested all their students in grades 9-12 with a two-day battery of aptitude tests, information tests, tests of ability and achievement, and inventories probing the examinees' background, interests, and personality traits. Following the initial testing, examinees were periodically surveyed through a series of mailed questionnaires; this effort has yet been completed. The study was labeled Project TALENT, and was designed to provide: (1) an inventory of human resources; (2) a set of standards for educational and psychological measurement; (3) a counseling guide indicating the patterns of aptitude which are predictive of success in various careers; (4) a better understanding of how young people choose their life work; and (5) a better understanding of the educational experiences which prepare students for their life work. The project is traced from its inception in 1956 to its current status, including future follow-up plans. This informal history includes information concerning project staff, reports, test batteries, retest studies, data tapes, computer programs, statistical and management problems, and follow-up questionnaires. Statistical analyses are discussed in the technical appendices. (Author/JAC)