Questionnaire data from 168 rural residents of Atacosa, Cass, Freestone, Scurry, and Upton counties, 153 health and human services providers and interviews with 125 residents of 25 rural communities identified and described stressors in the rural Texas environment. Rural Texans viewed economic problems (money, lack of jobs, poverty, working conditions, working hours, and the need to work more than one job) as the most frequent cause of stress. Economic problems also impacted negatively on other facets of their lives (increased family conflicts, alcohol consumption, crime rates, and breakup of multigenerational farm families). Illness or disability and lack of adequate health and human services also constituted significant sources of stress. Lack of education, a survey variable, was not viewed as stressful. Health providers cited gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease, depression, anxiety, and headaches as commonly seen stress-related illnesses. Rural Texans utilized friends and relatives most frequently as social supports. Health and human service providers viewed themselves as a more frequently used source of support than did rural residents. North, south, and west Texans saw weather/climate, poverty, and lack of services as the top three community stressors, while east and central Texans cited poverty, lack of services, and differences between old-timers and newcomers as the top stressors. The interview form and survey questionnaires are appended. (NEC)