Our study explored the contribution of gender role stress (GRS) and sociocultural appearance demands to symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (MD) in a college sample of 219 women and 154 men. For women, five GRS subscales, sociocultural appearance demands, age, and frequency of aerobic exercise predicted MD symptoms (model R[superscript 2] = 0.33; F(8,210) = 12.81, p less than 0.001); for men, only one GRS subscale, age, and sociocultural appearance demands predicted MD symptoms (model R[superscript 2] = 0.40; F(3,150) = 9.52, p less than 0.001). Post hoc analyses revealed that a small number of items explained a substantial portion of the variation, suggesting that MD may be more related to specific perceptions of pressure to attain an attractive body than to global gender role stress. (Contains 6 tables.)