It has been postulated that the result of the Mexican woman's inability to live up to the stiff requirements of her culture should show itself in depressive trends. These theories are often applied to the Mexican-American female as well. The aim of this study was to determine if acculturation is related to depression in Mexican-American females. A second goal was to determine if Mexican-American women report higher depression scores compared to Anglo-American females, when the variables of age, education, and occupation of the head of the household are controlled. Subjects included 53 Mexican-American and 53 Anglo-American women between the ages of 18 and 72. All subjects were administered depression and acculturation scales. Results showed no significant relationship between depression and acculturation and that Chicano females had significantly higher depression scores than the Anglo-American females. The "Mexican neurosis" and possible reasons for these higher depression scores are discussed. (Author)