This report presents a general overview of equity issues in the modern South. It discusses access to such needs as jobs and job opportunities, health, housing, education, government benefits, political power, resources, and protection. Six at-risk groups receive special focus: the poor; Blacks; Hispanics; women; older Southerners; and the handicapped. These major recommendations for increasing equity are offered: (1) dispel myths about the poor and minorities, and utilize their dignity and strengths; (2) educate the public to be aware of the interdependence of society, and to recognize that healthy development is equitable development; (3) involve community based organizations in planning and policy development; (4) coordinate planning in State and local government, and involve all relevant departments under strong gubernatorial leadership and commitment; (5) involve the private sector as a partner; (6) identify and adopt effective models for educational and economic development; (7) develop innovative ways to use existing resources; (8) be positive and creative, rather than punitive, in job training and the extension of support services; and (9) act rather than react, i.e., invest in compensatory education rather than funding grade repetition. Appendices include four position papers: "Poverty in the South" (Steve Suitts), "The Socioeconomic Status of Blacks" (David H. Swinton), "Sex Equity in the South" (Barbara Ellen Smith), and "Status of Older People in the South" (Andrew Doblestein); and a list of other testimony presented to the commission. (KH)