This book provides a comprehensive review of the branch of sport and exercise science that focuses on the psychological aspects of human behavior. Part I presents a general orientation to the field, including an introduction and description of sport psychology and a discussion of the history and current status of the field. Individual differences or personality characteristics that influence human behavior in sport and exercise are discussed in Part II. Part III reviews motivation, including the relationship between intrinsic rewards, the role of expectations and self-confidence, and the influence of attributions on sport achievement behavior. Part IV focuses upon social situational factors, such as the influence of other people as spectators, and social interaction, specifically aggression and prosocial behavior in sport. The final section discusses the dynamics of sport groups. The appendices include a sport competition anxiety test for adults and a sample progressive relaxation exercise. References are also included. (JD)