Standard, even "new Indian history" narratives of relocation and removal have generally avoided critical discussions of colonialism, memory, and space. Choosing instead to emphasize the important political, economic, social, and even cultural implications of such dislocations, much of what passes as "Indian" history fails to account for more numerous types of being in time and space. Top-down assimilationist policies and structural changes in the national and global economy have undoubtedly influenced Native patterns of movement, but many scholars have failed to investigate spatiocultural considerations, the persistence of Indigenous knowledge of place, and geographical continuity and the layers of meaning that frame Native identities and sense of place. Scholars have failed to think spatially. In short, the sum total of the individual process of remaining in place and the collective experiences that constitute a tribe's spatial memory help them understand their past and future in a decolonial manner. Using the Hualapais as an example, the author argues that viewing Hualapai history through a convergence of space, place, and time reveals the stunning successes they have achieved in maintaining connections to and ties with traditional sites, cultural places, band homes, village locations, and the Indigenous geography of northwestern Arizona. (Contains 55 notes.)