The United States is viewed by many as a country where immigrants can enjoy freedom and economic prosperity, and, recently,more of these newcomers are settling in the state of Tennessee. The 2000 United States Census reveals that 4.8 percent of Tennessee residents live in households where the primary language spoken is not English. That is an increase of 178%over the same number in 1990. More recent statistics reflect that Tennessee adult education (AE) programs have increased the number of students in English for speakers of other languages by 77% from the program year 1996-97 to the program year 2002-03. This shift in demographics is changing AE in Tennessee, with an increasing number of individuals in AE classrooms seeking help to improve their English language skills. The Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development Division of Adult Education and the University of Tennessee Center for Literacy Studies are working to address the changing needs of AE programs in Tennessee's 95 counties. This book is one product of this partnership. In the program year 2003-2004, eight English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) support practitioners and two editors were asked to produce this manual. Its goal is to provide a foundation of theory for AE teachers and to give practical ideas for classroom instruction that build on that theoretical underpinning. The authors hope that seasoned instructors can benefit from the fresh ideas that their peers present here and will reflect on how to implement them in their practice. ESOL teachers of advanced level classes will find that this book contains beneficial, must-have, best practices of ESOL teachers that will ensure success with advanced level students. An additional goal of this book is to address strategies on how to approach students transitioning from higher level ESOL instruction to other academic programs. The needs of these students are often more elusive for a teacher to recognize and address and are a source of concern for many ESOL instructors. A glossary concludes the book.