This report traces the evolution of education in America from a privilege for a few to a necessity for all, and discusses the need to promote high standards and accountability in the classroom. Eight specific areas are highlighted: (1) "A History of Expectations" traces the history of the public school in America and its shift in the 20th century away from academic achievement; (2) "The Search for Accountability" focuses on U.S. response to declining test scores and a widening achievement gap, and the growing coalition of parents and business and community leaders demanding change; (3) "Education as a Civil Right" describes the bipartisan passage of the No Child Left Behind Act and how it is helping at-risk students realize their potential; (4) "Doing What Works" shows how annual testing and data-based accountability are helping identify what works and fix what does not; (5) "Recognizing and Rewarding Teachers" outlines support for qualified and effective teachers, designated as key to academic achievement; (6) "Higher Education That Aims Higher" details efforts to ensure college students are prepared to learn from day one and that universities and colleges are accessible, affordable, and accountable; (7) "New Choices for a New Century" looks at how charter schools, choice, and other options are giving kids a lifeline and driving schools to improve; and (8) "What's Next? A Future of Reform and Results" offers a vision of a brighter, opportunity-filled future for American children and a roadmap to get there.