Taking online courses is becoming a more common part of the college experience, but very little is known about student behaviors and strategies related to online assessment. This article reviews how students in an online Earth and Space Science course interact with various online assessments. Our two main findings are that our students do not use self-assessment tools effectively, and time spent on online exams is surprisingly short. We discuss how the use of self-assessment tools can probably be improved through careful online course design, but the short time spent on online exams is partially due to the nature of the online environment itself. We make a number of design suggestions that can encourage good test-taking strategies in the online environment.