Makes the case that both internal and external evaluation are needed in the assessment of educational systems. Suggests some conditions have to be met to establish a constructive dialogue between internal and external evaluation. (SLD)

Highlights the findings of the performance assessment component of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), discussing implications for future assessments and issues for further analysis and research. The TIMSS has demonstrated the feasibility of large scale performance assessments, but what the numbers really mean remains to…

Language tests reflect the complexities and power struggles of society. Critical language testing recognizes this aspect of language testing and broadens the field by engaging it in the sphere of social dialog. Studying, protecting, and guarding language tests is part of the process of providing quality learning and preserving democratic cultures,…

Nigeria will discontinue the use of the school leaving certificate examination and will instead rely on continuous assessment of students which is systematic, comprehensive, cumulative, and guidance-oriented. Eight evaluation criteria are suggested: achievement; personal qualities; interests; attitudes; physical health; and cocurricular, outdoor,…

Kenya's secondary school curriculum includes a total of 68 different subjects; a core curriculum has yet to be implemented. The Certificate of Primary Education and the Kenya Certificate of Education are used to select those few students who may continue to secondary education, higher education, and employment. (GDC)

Testing practices in Lesotho are described. The Primary School Leaving Examinations are administered on a national level. The Junior Certificate Examinations, developed by subject committees, determine eligibility for the Cambridge Overseas School Certificate. Vocational and technical educational programs are also evaluated. Continuous student…

Curriculum reform in Scotland in the 1970s is described. The implications for testing and teaching are discussed. (GDC)

Changes in Scotland's curriculum have led to changes in student testing. A system of grade-related criteria has been developed--descriptions of expected performance in key aspects of a subject at different grade levels. (GDC)

Five core skill areas have been identified as necessary in Youth Training Scheme programs in the United Kingdom. The City and Guilds of London Institute's courses in two of these areas, numeracy and communication skills, are described. Assessment policy and methods, including student profiling, are discussed. (GDC)

A variety of methods are used to assess secondary school seniors in Australia to determine college admission: locally-developed achievement tests in curricular subjects; external achievement tests; and general aptitude tests, such as the Australian Scholastic Aptitude Tests. Testing problems include aggregating and rescaling of scores. (GDC)

The Minimum Requirement Program (MRP) was introduced in Israel in the 1960s but was discontinued. The Parenthesis Program, a 1962 revision of the original program, restricted objectives in the syllabus which were deemed too difficult. Achievement gaps between population subgroups existed in the 1980s when a new MRP was developed. (GDC)

Distance education, in the form of correspondence study from primary- to college-level education, began in Malawi in 1965. This article briefly reviews the program and its assessment. Assessment results indicate that distance education is a useful alternative to the internal school system and provides more opportunities for learning. (TJH)

Distance learning, via correspondence study, is offered by nearly 30 universities in India. An in-depth study of such programs operated by six universities indicates that the programs and open university systems complement the formal higher education system and allow adult education students to learn at their own paces. (TJH)

The Southeast Asian Ministers Educational Organization (SEAMEO) Center for Educational Innovation and Technology--a distance learning organization--has operated since 1965. Program implementation/evaluation in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines are discussed, with reference to the democratization of education…

Yearly in Sao Paulo (Brazil), official external examinations allow students outside the regular school system to obtain a certificate of education equivalent to grade 8 or 11. A television program that prepares candidates for the examinations and other forms of preparation are compared, using data collected for three years. (TJH)