A deliberation is a discussion aimed at making a decision. In elementary and middle school classrooms, problems that can be tackled with deliberation are, among others, contemplating a new classroom rule, writing a "classroom constitution," and deciding how to share toys fairly. In this article, the author discusses the interactions of students with one another around the everyday problems of being at school together and how students should be challenged to deliberate together in varied groups and settings. Since the skills of deliberation do not develop automatically, a teacher needs to explain and model how deliberation can work, and children need the time and opportunity to practice these skills. Here, the author presents the seven steps of deliberation: (1) participate; (2) listen; (3) speak up; (4) tell why; (5) do not name call; (6) try it out; and (7) be together. He also describes Chicago kindergarten teacher Vivian Paley's approach to conducting extremely rich and valid deliberations with even the youngest children. (Contains 10 notes.)