Reviews literature on effectiveness of educational television (ETV) and reports trends in ETV utilization by Victorian secondary school science teachers. Discusses potential improvements in ETV utilization using electronic video recording devices, feedback to the television teachers, and identification of effective ETV techniques. (AL)

Analyzes the nature of the learning process and attempts to show how the three components of a reinforcement contingency, the stimulus, the response and the reinforcement can be utilized to increase the efficiency of a typical science learning experience, the excursion. (JR)

Provides many useful suggestions and cautions for planning and executing a biology field excursion. Specific procedures are outlined for investigating land communities and coastal areas, and a number of follow-up laboratory activities are described. The appendix provides an extensive bibliography with useful comments on the literature. (JR)

Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of selecting coastal sand dunes as the location for field ecology studies. Presents a descriptive zonal model for seaboard sand dune plant communities, suggestions concerning possible observations and activities relevant to interpreting phenomena associated with these forms of vegetation, and additional…

Advocates field excursions in the teaching of geology and earth science. Provides useful suggestions and offers some cautions for the preparation and execution of a geology field trip. (JR)