Focuses on the effect of verbal and pictorial stimuli on paired associate learning. The discussion centers on the traditional finding that learning is easier with pictures than with words as stimuli. Hypothesizes that this effect is caused by differential coding and storing strategies for words and pictures. (Editor/RK)

Article evaluated mastery learning, a teaching strategy originating from behavior-oriented educational technology with objectives specified in behavioral terms. (Editor/RK)

Four studies of sex differences in global and academic self-esteem were conducted in Norway in grades three, six, and eight. Self-esteem was measured by a 13-item context-free instrument. A significant sex by grade interaction was found in three of the studies for academic self-esteem and in two of the studies for global self-esteem. (Author/LMO)

Studies included in two major reviews of sex differences in global self-esteem have been reanalyzed on methodological grounds. A survey is also conducted of 29 studies reported between 1975 and 1985. Results show a strong indication that males had higher global self-esteem than females as measured by context-free instruments. (Author/LMO)

The attributions of 575 tenth graders in senior high schools in Norway of their perceived general results in school and how attributions related to self-esteem were studied. Students who felt they had done well attributed their results more to ability than did those who felt they had done poorly. (SLD)