Recent trends and changes in science education include: change from content to process-oriented instruction; discovery learning; increasing relevance; environmental education; use of objectives; use of learning theories; and integrated science. Stresses the need to improve the science background of teachers, especially if integrated science is…

Maintains that traditional science education presents students with scientific facts to be memorized and then regurgitated on tests. In problem-posing science education the emphasis lies on understanding rather than on memorization; on attitudes and skills rather than on retained knowledge. Three sample lessons are given. (Author/BC)

Mathematics can be thought of as a language and should be taught using the principles governing the methods of teaching a second language. So that teachers do not stress "answers," they should be trained to involve children in carefully structured activities, investigations, and observations which will ensure understanding. (Author/BC)

Describes the primary science project of the Science Education Programme for Africa. Program uses the total environment, inquiry, and direct experience for learning purposes. Ideological bases of the project are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages are stated plus implications for curriculum, teacher training, and resource allocations. (BC)

Because education is needed to prepare children for adult life, the author stresses the need for asking people what they need in education. By doing this and by making extensive use of local, natural resources, developing nations can alleviate some financial problems and increase school relevance. (BC)

Describes the elementary science curriculum reform movement in the Philippines. Whereas past textbooks were adaptations of U.S. texts, the second generation textbooks are more in keeping with Philippino needs. Structure of discipline is now stressed less than society's needs. Population, conservation, health and sanitation, green revolution, and…

Discusses the training of science teachers and the development of science curricula in Nigeria. Various universities provide pre-service and in-service training, are developing science programs, and are investigating approaches to overcoming language problems in the schools. Suggestions for the future are given. (BC)

Swaziland's need for primary teachers is growing tremendously. Because the means for training qualified teachers is below what is needed, there are unqualified teachers in the field. In-service teacher training programs are being used to upgrade teacher quality because they are inexpensive, rapid, effective, and likely to attract bilateral or…

Brief historical review of North Korea's educational system since 1945. Discusses preschool, primary, secondary, and higher education. The government's role in setting school philosophy and policy is mentioned. Basically schools seek to educate students in the revolutionary philosophy based on the theory of socialist pedagogy. (BC)

Examines the role of planning in the process of legitimating educational policy decisions. Review of the history of educational planning indicates how closely its origins and development have been linked with considerations of economic development. Suggests that planners probe further into the political economy of education as a basis for a…

Surveys research on teaching methods in the Soviet Union and suggests how teachers can apply research findings and techniques in the classroom. Topics discussed include improving the content of education, teaching methods, organizational forms of teaching, and ways of applying the findings of research in practice. (Author/DB)

Characterizes influences of the economic and political climate on universities and students in western Europe. As a result of university budget cuts, unemployment among educated youth, and increases in the cost of living, university students are experiencing a sense of uselessness, lost status, and confused identity. (Author/DB)

Describes educational problems and needs in Latin America and suggests policies to deal with specific problems such as insufficient regard for the human dimension and integration of educational planning with economic and social development. (Author/DB)

Examines the relationship between education and development in Latin America. Describes a series of studies which will be undertaken involving case studies from various Latin American countries, analysis of rural education problems, labor market influence, and processes of formulating and implementing educational policies. (Author/DB)

Analyzes education in light of social structure and social change in Latin America. Identifies styles of education which are correlated with certain social conditions. Concludes that additional research should be done on education as an integral part of the social system. (Author/DB)