Presents a state of the art review of international educational planning since 1955. Recent trends are toward flexible, revolving educational plans and adaptable professional training programs. (Author/DB)

Sets forth four general propositions for educational reform in the 1980s: (1) costs should be lower than the wasteful costs of the 1960s and 1970s; (2) dead wood from past programs should be eliminated; (3) new programs should not be added to the budget automatically; (4) money being wasted in non-productive programs should be allocated to…

Examines reasons why educational research has failed to solve educational dilemmas. Explanations include that research cannot solve problems which are political and that research should not be undertaken as a propaganda activity by educational policymakers. (Author/DB)

Examines the relationship between problems encountered in adult education and socio-political, socio-cultural, and socio-economic influences. Explains how adult education programs can help serve a wider variety of needs than does the formal education system. Identifies shortcomings of adult education programs. (Author/DB)

Explores the role of nonformal education in educational planning. Concludes that nonformal and formal educational program planners should cooperate to meet an increasing variety of educational needs. (Author/DB)

Reviews literature related to nonformal education in developing nations and identifies two major trends: (1) national educational strategies vary significantly among nations; and (2) socio-political constraints inhibit meaningful educational reform. (Author/DB)

Discusses roles of information, guidance, and counseling in improving adults' access to education. Major needs are cooperation among community and national guidance agencies, improvement of referral services, and encouragement of peer out-reach services by people already enrolled in adult education programs. (Author/DB)

Suggests a basic-education radio program as an alternative to traditional literacy education programs. One advantage of radio as an instructional medium is that it is available to most rural poor people. Stresses the need for creating innovative radio programs which are suited to radio's special characteristics. (Author/DB)

Characterizes adult education in the Soviet Union. Topics discussed include educational objectives, the place of adult education in the general education system, social influences, standards, structure of evening schools, and teacher training. (Author/DB)

Assesses economic and financial implications of educational planning in western Europe, particularly in the lifelong learning sector. Recommends that additional data be gathered such as information concerning on-going adult education programs, data on education in various countries, and statistics which relate continuous education to the larger…

Describes plans to create an educational system in Hungary which will integrate scientific research, cultural values, and socialist ideals. A history is presented of educational plans drawn up pursuant to the 1970 National Long-Range Scientific and Research Plan. (Author/DB)

The role of education as an agent for income redistribution in developing countries is discussed. A study of Brazil, Peru, and Mexico indicates that education may not influence income distribution as much as government policies that differentially reward schooling level, work sectors, occupation types, and region of residence. (BC)

Discusses school reform in the Soviet Union during the last ten years. Need for reforming the syllabuses, which were identical in all schools, arose when an educational policy of universal secondary education was adopted. The shift from secondary education for college-bound students only to general education for all is discussed. (BC)

Argues for the use of peer teaching in Africa, in which students add to each other's knowledge by exchanging their skills and points of view. This would help alleviate the shortage of teachers and would promote educational independence for the developing world. An information campaign should be mobilized in support of this approach. (Author/BC)

Explains why science education is necessary for primary grade pupils and provides examples of activities from the Science Curriculum Improvement Study, successfully used at this level. Discusses the possible contribution of research scientists to education, development of children's reasoning abilities and scientific literacy, and advantages of…