Discusses educational equality and inequality from an economist's perspective. Considers human capital theory and interpretation of life cycles in learning and earning. Addresses schooling and experience components of changes in the inequality of earned incomes, educational expansion, and inequalities in schooling. Explores the roles of skill…

Reviews 15 years of research to identify advances in understanding the association between education and equality. Divides the studies into three general categories: (1) social-arithmetic investigations that deal with the impact of contextual and individual variables, (2) environmental press (or directional tendency) research into the family and…

Urges a rethinking of equality regarding education. Emphasizes that equal access to education will not provide equality of ability. Suggests that educational administration somehow must select and foster excellence in those of ability while promoting fraternity and maintenance of dignity among everyone. Recommends cooperation between philosophers…

Explores the meaning of de-intellectualization relative to teacher education. Suggests that education is not yet properly understood either in philosophical or empirical terms. Notes that it is bound up with values and concepts as well as a number of practical and institutional difficulties and thus susceptible to fantasy and prejudice. (KO)

Discusses attempts to religiously integrate schools in Northern Ireland. Describes three characteristics of these new schools. Examines planned religious composition of the enrollment and staffing, the ethos of the school relative to the two communities, and the role of parents in the management of the schools. (KO)

Examines the dangers of the transfer of business theory to educational management. Questions why education has increasingly turned to business practices for its management theory and examines ways in which schools may differ from other organizations. Indicates those practices that merit transfer and those that have little or no merit. (KO)

Analyzes the reconstruction of education in West Germany following World War II based on the author's personal experiences. Notes that the primary aim of re-education was to overcome nationalism, militarism, and the ideology of National Socialism, but that the efforts were not successful. Offers explanations for this lack of success. (KO)

Proposes an approach to deal with learning difficulties of children with special needs. Identifies three major needs of such students and recommends the application of this active modification approach. Suggests that responsibility for the student's failure always lies with the educational system rather than with the child. (KO)

Examines the justifications for breaking with traditional experiences that center on the limitations of what teachers learn about their work through their schooling. Compares the socialization process of teachers with other professions. Suggests that teaching is a general human activity and as such is close to common sense. (KO)

Post-literacy programs attempt to prevent relapse into illiteracy by ensuring retention, application, and continued growth of literacy skills. Planning for post-literacy should be included at the outset. Post-literacy must be seen as part of the lifelong education continuum, be funded effectively, overcome social and psychological barriers, and…

Retention of literacy skills can best be achieved through a range of continuing education opportunities geared to diverse needs and circumstances of different categories of neo-literates. To create such a "learning society" requires commitment to human resource development as the core of national development, provided by a knowledge delivery…

Post-literacy efforts depend on the design of a literate environment that ensures adequate opportunities for application of literacy skills. Literacy programs can combine local resource management skills with cultural or political revitalization programs that mobilize human resources. Post-literacy must include primary school leavers and must pay…

A new concept of post-literacy involves the ability to participate in decision making. Four Latin American programs, linked to four educational needs (fundamental, productivity, social service, and community organization), illustrate the concept by using methods and techniques to give people a degree of autonomy and by respecting the cultures and…

Describes a model of social writing, for use in writing socially relevant, easy-to-read books for new adult readers, which incorporates expressive, cognitive, and social aspects. Elaborates the process from topic selection through manuscript printing, compares the model to other types, and touches upon its transfer to other settings and other…

The president of Frontier College (Canada) uses examples from the program to elaborate the central philosophy of student-centered, individualized learning. Basic points are that labels often prevent marginalized people from making contributions and that literacy should be a tool for empowerment and inclusion in the community. (SK)