Presents philosophical analysis of the attitude of open-mindedness, with particular emphasis on open-mindedness as an educational ideal. Concludes that there is a great deal of conceptual confusion about the meaning of open-mindedness and that this confusion has resulted in an unwarranted amount of criticism. (DB)

Attempts to unravel some of the confusion which has arisen over theoretical and actual freedom at A.S. Neill's alternative school in England, Summerhill. An overview of the topic of freedom is offered, based on contrasting theories of freedom in "On Being Free," by Firthjof Bergmann (University of Notre Dame Press, 1977). (DB)

Analyzes the crucial role of schooling in the economic, social, and political development of a citizenry in the developing nations of Africa. Information is presented on the family and the school, political socialization, the recruitment of elites through the school system, vestiges of colonialism, the impact of independence, and transmission of…

Traces major trends in educational sociology since the late 1980s and reviews major findings from sociological literature of various periods. Emphasis is placed on interpretation of "Origins and Destinations: Family, Class and Education in Modern Britain," by A. M. Halsey, A. F. Heath, and J. M. Ridge. (Author/DB)

Surveys objectives and practices of religious education on the elementary/secondary and university levels. Points out problems emanating from attempts to transmit values during a period of rapid social change. (Author/DB)

Reviews various definitions of educational research, discusses theories advanced by various schools of educational research, and contrasts traditional and modern (innovative) educational research interests. (Author/DB)

Reviews various frameworks used by history teachers to determine what should and should not be included in the history curriculum. Identifies various criteria of significance and advances a set of positive criteria, including effect on the development of rationality, human control over nature, personal autonomy, equality of consideration between…

Explores how graduates of Cambridge University from 1851-1914 contributed expertise gained during their university years to British society, particularly the public sector in which they occupied many important positions. The term 'Naturals' refers to those who passed final exams in natural sciences and mathematics at Cambridge. (Author/DB)

Describes an approach to research into teaching and learning in higher education which has been experimented with at Manchester Polytechnic in Manchester, England. The approach centers around helping teachers to develop their own teaching tools instead of offering them ready-made teaching tools. (Author/DB)

Depicts some of the ways in which an ethnic minority (Muslims from India) has begun to adjust to life in Britain and explores ways in which this minority takes advantage of educational opportunities. Indicates young Muslims learn a great deal as a result of schooling but they do not intend to be assimilated into the lower social classes. (DB)

This paper explores the concepts of "community" and "community education," traces the growth of different models of community education in the United Kingdom, and highlights some of the issues, weaknesses, and problems arising from its development. Two separate movements, evolutionary and revolutionary, are identified--school-based and…

A brief history of the school-community relations movement in this century and a description of some major community development/social change forces are provided to set the stage for analyzing and predicting major directions for school and community relations in the 1980s. (Author/SJL)

The author describes the structure of the Hungarian public school system and the impact that urbanization is having on local control and educational quality. Attempts by urban schools to strengthen school-community relationships and to coordinate with other educational and cultural institutions are noted. (SJL)

Describes two Tanzanian reform programs: Education for Self-Reliance and Decentralization. The first supports programs to make education relevant to rural life, correct elitist biases, and improve students' attitudes toward rural living. The second, already instituted in primary and adult education, seeks to promote community participation in…

A structural and philosophical reform of Peruvian education was instituted in March 1972, using as its basis a local community education nucleus model. This article presents the reform experience, relates it to its historical antecedents, gives some information on evaluation studies in progress, and traces some projections for educational…