Since 1872, legislation has required that some education be provided for all Scottish children. Legislation affecting the schooling of mentally handicapped children since then is discussed. A trend away from institutionalization toward more localized and individualized treatment is noted. Despite progress, problems exist in training teachers and…

Schools in Oxfordshire (England) are gradually moving toward integrating special needs students into regular classrooms and relying on a resource room model to provide extra services. While evolutionary change has minimized certain problems, the lack of overall policy direction has led to some problems for local education authorities. (IS)

The forces for the segregation of mentally handicapped children still predominate over the forces for integration in Great Britain. The desire to keep the mentally handicapped segregated comes not from educational or medical considerations but from the stratified nature of the educational system and the political agenda of the conservative…

A study of severely mentally retarded children in Great Britain attending regular schools led to a series of recommendations. These include the need for more information exchange between professionals about the students and teaching techniques, improvements in school organization and teacher quality, and a change in attitudes about retardation.…

As secondary school enrollment declines in Great Britain in the 1980s, local education authorities will face problems in deciding which schools and/or programs to cut. School districts must recognize that, whether they like it or not, parents will have an increasing impact on decision making. (IS)

The history of access to secondary education and movements toward sexual equality in education in Great Britain between World Wars I and II are covered. The major questions raised in this period were: "Who is capable of, or eligible for, secondary education?" and "What secondary education system is most desirable?" (IS)

Research using educational data includes both disciplinary and pedagogic research. Concentrating on pedagogic research into singlar cases, rather than into generalities, would improve the quality of education. Such research would mean more emphasis on case studies, probes (account of a method for analyzing practice to improve it), and curriculum…

Jamaican dialect among Blacks in Britain seems to help unify working-class Black youth, thus making it a political, as well as a cultural resource, in the development of Black identity. However, this language form also contributes to differences between some first- and second-generation Afro-Caribbean Blacks in Britain. (IS)

Student interest in improving the quality of science teaching at Oxford University led to an active role for the Oxford University Junior Scientific Club during the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. Students presented papers and organized lectures, demonstrations, and exhibitions to disseminate scientific knowledge. (IS)

The Irish educational system in the period following Irish independence was heavily influenced by the Rev. Timothy J. Corcoran. Rejecting any sort of child-influenced curriculum, he called for a rigid classics-based education based on Catholic dogma with maximum emphasis on memorization and repetition rather than on inquiry. (IS)

Paul Hirst's concept that education is an autonomous discipline to which the theologian cannot make a contribution, even in church-related schools, is reviewed and criticized. Hirst has not made a case for excluding theologians from educational debate or the church from operating educational institutions. (IS)

Identifies themes in this special issue on educational technology: emergence of new educational technology definition; pervasiveness of educational technology throughout world; importance of context in applying educational technology to problem solving; and new information technologies' role in altering organizational structure and teachers'…

Discusses the roots, definition, applications, and development of educational technology; educational problems which could be addressed by educational technology; and educational technology applications and reasons for their successes and failures. Guidelines for successful implementation of educational technology programs are outlined. (MBR)

Summarizes findings of several inquiries into use of media conducted from 1974-1986, emphasizing media use in developing countries and practical lessons and experiences that have surfaced in worldwide rural development programs. New educational technology developments are discussed as potential contributors to formal and nonformal education. (MBR)

Analyzes significance of new information and communication technologies for university research and teaching, and consequences that its use has for research, teaching, and service/administration with reference to the discovery learning concept. The possibility of structural changes in service sector is noted together with lack of impact on…