This report describes the Transition to Work Simulator (TWS), a computerized model of the important career decisions which people make from youth through midcareer. The implications of TWS as a planning tool for human resource development at the national level are discussed. (Author/SJL)

The author describes the evaluation planning done for the Project for Science Integration in Ghana, with emphasis on the contextual limitations in a developing nation concerning the teachers, students, authors, materials, and finances. With careful planning, it was found that illuminating data for instructional improvement could be collected. (SJL)

The author finds two major threats to school decision-making structures in the current trend toward unionization among school principals. First, it separates middle managers from top management, disrupting the traditional team approach to policymaking. Second, it requires greater specification and therefore restriction and formalization of roles.…

The author delineates the scope of this special journal issue on the last 25 years in world education and summarizes the findings of various contributors on the issue's main themes: quantitative and qualitative changes in education and educational processes, education's contribution to human welfare, and international cooperation efforts. (SJL)

Using data from 1960 to 1976, the author examines population and enrollment trends for successive levels of education in the world's developed and developing regions and computes enrollment and drop-out ratios. National expenditures on education and gross national product per capita expense figures are also presented for these regions. (SJL)

Since independence in 1947, India's educational goals have included expansion, improved quality, and equal opportunity. The author analyzes India's successes and failures in reaching these goals in the context of its limited economic resources, the traditional educational values of its people, and its traditionally stratified social system. (SJL)

In relation to economic and social trends in Latin America over the last 25 years, the authors analyze expansion and change in primary, secondary, and higher education in this region. Tables of income, enrollment, literacy, drop-out, and occupational data for Latin American countries are appended. (SJL)

The author delineates five stages in the development of international cooperation in education from before World War II to the 1970s. (SJL)

In the 1950s and 1960s, donors of international aid attempted to impose a Western, technological form of schooling on the developing nations. In the 1970s, however, rediscovery of a pluralistic concept of intelligence has led donors toward a reappraisal and emphasis on more culture-specific educational interventions. (SJL)

Given the constraints on educational development, the author sees the introduction of educational technology (broadly defined) as the only course for improving conditions. He describes a practical example in the Hungarian National Center for Educational Technology, which has broad functions in research and development, dissemination, and teacher…

The past 25 years have shown an international trend toward destructuring in education: creation of new nonformal options; outreach to unserved groups; less rigid curriculum; more inductive pedagogy; and new student assessment methods. Despite this, formal schooling and traditional methods remain strong and may be beginning a cyclical resurgence.…

The author describes historical stages in educational theory: conservative tradition (1879-1904); progressivism (1904-1929); and conservative reaction (1929-1954). For the period since 1954, he considers the conflict between positivism and radical dissent, and the new ecological consciousness of education as part of wider social and political…

The author identifies these as the most important changes in general educational theory over the last 25 years: a movement toward cross-disciplinary perspectives, a widening of perspective to include the social context of schooling, and a swing from positivist research methods toward more qualitative and holistic approaches. (SJL)

In the twentieth century, educational philosophy has turned from grand system building toward approaches which consider the process of education itself to be the source of issues requiring a philosophical, value-oriented resolution. Philosophical inquiry has extended to social, psychological, and human issues. (Editor/SJL)

In the last 25 years, educational psychology has changed and expanded as a discipline. The major educational reform movements have increased the need for research data and for psychological services in the schools, thus expanding the role of the educational psychologist. (SJL)