Educators are continuously challenged to increase their pedagogical effectiveness when teaching adult learners. Neo-Piagetian theory and research, based on Piaget's classic work, provides promising concepts and tools to help educators enhance their pedagogical knowledge and competence when teaching adults. Consequently, through research findings and examples we explore the pedagogical utility of neo-Piagetian theory. Specifically, we examine: (1) the influence of cognitive development into adulthood on teaching, (2) the roles of functional and optimal levels of learner cognition, and (3) the pedagogical implications of employing neo-Piagetian concepts and research to support the teaching and learning endeavours of adult learners. (Contains 1 table.)