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50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
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Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
ERIC Number: EJ288931
Record Type: CIJE
Publication Date: 1983
Pages: N/A
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: 0
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
The Fourth R: Retention.
Holmes, C. Thomas
Journal of Research and Development in Education, v17 n1 p1-6 Fall 1983
Studies comparing the reading, mathematics, and language arts achievement of retained students with the achievement of promoted students are analyzed, using meta-analysis. Overall, research indicates that retained students fall behind the first year of retention and spend the rest of their academic careers in a vain attempt to catch up. (PP)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Elementary Education, Grade Repetition, Language Arts, Mathematics Achievement, Meta Analysis, Outcomes of Education, Reading Achievement, Student Promotion, Student Reaction
Publication Type: Information Analyses; Reports - Research; Journal Articles
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers: N/A