Eight boys and eight girls from a rural elementary school participated in the investigation. Specific heuristics were adopted from Polya; and the students selected represented two substages of Piaget's concrete operational stage. Five hypotheses were generated, based on observed results and the study's theoretical rationale. (MP)

The purposes were to delineate and describe sex differences in mathematics achievement and participation and to investigate the usefulness of the fear of success construct in explaining the differences. Findings highlight the effects of environmental pressures on sex-related differences in mathematics performance and participation. (MP)

An operational definition of careless errors was provided and used in an investigation of 50 children attending an international primary school in Lae, Papua New Guinea. Results indicated that mathematically competent and confident children tend to make a greater proportion of errors than other children. (MP)

This report integrates and briefly discusses some of the empirical findings from field research on educational programs for low-income students. Evaluation indicates the learning gap in mathematics achievement between low-income and middle-income primary grade students can be bridged in many different settings. (MP)

Investigates the effect of anxiety in musical performance and assesses the quality of subjects' performances under enhanced and reduced anxiety situations. Adjudicators compared tapes made by 95 graduate and undergraduate music students during performances done in isolation and in front of audiences composed of other music students and…

Presents a historical study of music education in the segregated Black schools of Kansas City, Kansas, between 1904-1954. The discussion covers the educational leadership, organization, music curriculum, and activities in the public schools and at Western University. Black private music instructors and outstanding students of the period are…

Describes two experiments which compared the effectiveness of teaching rhythm reading using a traditional approach versus a simplified speech cue method. A 23-item rhythm reading test was administered to 107 third graders before and after rhythm instruction by each method. The speech cue group made significantly greater gains than the traditional…

Discusses the impact of the Doctor of Music Arts degree in choral music education in the period from 1950-1980. The author finds that the primary leadership for training choral music teachers has shifted from small liberal arts colleges to state and private universities which grant advanced degrees. (AM)

Studies suggest that developmental students like peer tutoring, are more relaxed with peers, and feel that peer tutoring helps their grades. However, the small number of studies on college tutoring provides no consistent evidence that underprepared students who are tutored improve either their grades or grade point averages. The students who do…

As a result of the increased demand for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction and the concomitant growth of ESL programs, interest has increased in the issue of credit for courses designed to promote English language proficiency sufficient to engage in postsecondary education. Recent national and regional studies have found that a…

An overview is provided of the limited body of research on the transfer of learning between reading and writing in mature adults. First, the paper traces the development of models portraying generalization between reading and writing, beginning with a discussion of audio-lingual theory, which hypothesizes that language is learned through a…

Perhaps the most dramatic failure in postsecondary education has been in the teaching of mathematical skills. The different functions of the right and left hemispheres of the brain require different approaches to education. Due to their emphasis on language and verbal processing, schools have failed to give adequate stimulation to the right side…

Drawing from a review of the literature and direct experience, this paper discusses key issues in developmental mathematics placement. First, the controversial practice of mandatory placement is examined, citing research results that support the practice and those that do not. Next, the diversity of developmental math placement standards is…

Drawing from a review of the literature on feedback in two fields, English education and social psychology, this paper sets forth a set of theoretical conclusions and practical suggestions for developmental English instructors and others to use in providing feedback to composition students. First, the research on written feedback in English…

This supplement contains the annual listing of research in mathematics education for 1994. Chapter 1, "Dissertation Research Reported in 1994" (Michael L. Bumbaugh & Sigrid Wagner), lists 251 dissertations abstracted in Dissertation Abstracts International during 1994 along with an index of dissertations by institution. Chapter 2, "Research…