Describes how Granville Stanley Hall, Founder of the American Psychological Association, influenced the thinking of certain music educators and was important to music education, generally, in developing a receptivity toward psychological processes in the field. (Author/RM)

Describes a study which investigated the abilities of four- and five- year-old children to discriminate pitch direction using one of three modes of response: verbal, gestural, or performance-based. The results showed that nonverbal, performance-based response modes are the most natural way for young children to react to pitch direction. (Author/RM)

Describes a study which compared the effects of a keyboard learning approach and a traditional general music approach on sixth-grade general music students' music achievement, attitudes toward music, and self-concept regarding music ability. (Author/RM)

Describes a study which investigated the effects that disc jockeys, peers, and music teachers had on fifth graders' music attitudes and listening behaviors. (Author/RM)

Describes a study which evaluated the effectiveness of two teaching approaches -- conducting experience itself and programed materials -- in developing college students' error-detection skills. The conducting experience group scored significantly higher on a conducting test than the programed materials. There was no significant difference between…

The relative efficacy of two approaches to teaching basic multiplication facts to third graders is examined. Support was indicated for the thinking strategies approach. Results also indicated it was possible to train teachers in two days of inservice education. (MP)

Two exploratory studies of one aspect of the relation between problem solving in mathematics and the cognitive effects of games on mathematics learning are noted. Results indicated that problem solving and the playing of certain games involving mathematics are related. (MP)

Computational estimation is viewed as perhaps the most neglected skill area in the mathematics curriculum. Results of interviews led to the formulation of a model of the common characteristics of good estimators. The hope is expressed that the key processes and strategies identified in the investigation will be studied carefully. (MP)

Research was viewed as needed to establish a classification scheme for the major areas of difficulties individual students have in solving word problems. The results suggest that inability to read problems is a major obstacle for sixth graders, and mastery of components of problem solving ensures process mastery. (MP)

This investigation: (a) assesses developmental differences in children's estimation skills through normative data on performance on a variety of problems; (b) assesses validity of a proposed estimation model on the basis of children's performance; and (c) suggests modifications of the model as a guide to further research. (MP)

Performance was contrasted on mathematical story problems in two formats, a drawn version and the usual verbal one, with 262 fifth graders. The drawn format resulted in superior problem-solving performance. There was a significant ATI between field independence-dependence and format treatments, although the overall treatment effects were not…

In this study with four sections of preservice teachers, both spatial visualization and cognitive development correlated significantly with achievement. However, in an analysis of variance, only cognitive development was significant, and no interaction was found. Spatial visualization was greater at the end of the geometry course than at the…

The subjects were 47 first-grade children from three classrooms in a Lexington, Kentucky public school. Results indicate that the position of the unknown set in a verbal problem substantially determines whether or not a problem can be modeled successfully by children of this age. (MP)

Relations among the number and types of strategies used by 89 college students when estimating, quantitative ability, and computational estimation ability were investigated. Students of relatively high quantitative ability were found to be better estimators and used more strategy types. (MP)

Intuitions on selected function concepts presented in diagram, graph, and table settings were investigated. The sample was 443 pupils from grades 6 through 9 of 12 Israeli schools. Different groups had different intuitions, but these intuitions were independent of the settings in which presented and independent of abstraction levels. (MP)