A logically and empirically valid structure of knowledge for differential calculus was made by textbook analysis and by collecting data from a first semester college calculus course. (MP)

Two grade 4 classes provided subjects for a study in the teaching of estimation in computation. A second study was conducted with two grade 5 and two grade 6 classes that supported the idea that estimation in whole number computation can be taught in a short period of time. (MP)

The object of this study was to specify the relationship between logical and numerical structures by examining the processes used by operational and preoperational children in solving simple addition and subtraction problems. (MP)

Logical reasoning ability and information processing capacity are investigated in terms of the effects of these cognitive capacities on children's ability to learn concepts of linear measurement. (MP)

This study extends research of college students' comprehension of implication into the area of conjunction and disjunction. The results indicated that the majority of the students did not comprehend conjunction and disjunction well enough to correctly respond to most subtest components. (MP)

The relative efficacy of two strategies for teaching skills was investigated. The results suggest that the sequence of skill and understanding makes little difference in influencing mathematics achievement of above average middle school students. (MP)

Two studies dealing with length conservation and measurement indicate that caution needs to be used when one looks at and makes claims about children's cognitive ability and development with regard to conservation. (MP)

This eleventh annual annotated listing of research in mathematics education included 11 research summaries, 184 journal-published reports, and 359 dissertations. Grade or age level is indicated for each reference and an index for mathematical topics is included. (MNS)

Research investigated how high school students conceptualize the basic Classical-Romantic values dichotomy as exemplified by various aesthetic eras, styles, and objects, and how students operate within such aesthetic-conceptual frameworks in terms of their preferences and identification-categorization abilities. (Author/AM)

The effect of peer approval and disapproval on improvement in pitch intonation performance and on the approval/disapproval behavior of fellow students was investigated. The data replicate findings that peers may be effective behavior modifiers and aides to the learning process. (Author/AM)

Two approaches used to teach beginning band, a comprehensive musicianship approach and a performance-oriented approach, were compared. The comprehensive musicianship approach was more effective in teaching interval, meter, major-minor mode, and auditory visual discrimination. Both groups performed equally well. (Author/AM)

The relationship between kindergarten children's aural discrimination or aural ability and sex, involvement in a decision-making process, readiness training that includes singing of songs and resting-tone recognition, and reinforcement of tonal patterns with songs that provide a tonal framework was investigated. (AM)

To determine whether musical activity preferences are related to living setting or community size, the preferences of people aged 55 or older were surveyed. Elderly people have definite preferences for selected musical activities, and they enjoy listening or observation music experiences more than those that are active. (Author/AM)

Does the music student teaching experience affect student teachers' classroom management beliefs and skills, and as a result of student teaching, do the classroom management beliefs and skills of music student teachers and their cooperating teachers become more congruent? Research indicates that student teaching does not affect student teacher…

Cognition research can be used to improve social studies textbook design. Salient findings from research dealing with information processing styles, developmental differences, retention of key materials, and instructional principles are reviewed. Illustrative implications of these findings for the design of social studies texts are presented.…