Three primary music education journals were examined to identify the most prolific scholars in music research and the most productive institutions of music research. How often music scholars of research eminence were cited in the three journals was also determined. (Author/RM)

Major findings of this study involving undergraduate music majors showed that the variables of language-bound/language-optional and field dependence/field independence significantly affect aural skill learning. The relationship of reflection/impulsivity to achievement in aural skills was found to be negligible. (Author/RM)

Results indicated that significantly more time is needed to perceive tempo increase than tempo decrease, uneven rhythm then even rhythm, and melody alone than melody with accompaniment. Furthermore, significant interaction effects involving beat locations of tempo change suggest that differential groupings may be a factor in tempo discrimination.…

Study showed that music listening habits and preferences and instrument training may affect ways an individual processes the multiple dimensions of rhythm. Apparent alterations in tempo, duration and pitch characteristics, rhythmic and melodic phrase patterning, and monotony may serve as organizers of rhythmic processing. (Author/RM)

Both musicians and nonmusicians identified correctly the examples of decreased pitch levels significantly more than pitch increase examples. However, tempo increase examples were identified more accurately than tempo decreases by each group. (Author/RM)

Mastering the basic number combinations involves discovering, labeling, and internalizing relationships, not merely drill-based memorization. Counting procedures and thinking strategies are components, and it may be that using stored procedures, rules, or principles to quickly construct combinations is cognitively more economical than relying…

The author first corrects Baroody's description of the network retrieval model for basic number facts, in which facts are stored in memory and retrieved as needed. He then indicates weaknesses in Baroody's argument. (MNS)

Four types of computational estimation were explored in relation to other mathematical skills and sex differences with 309 eighth graders. Open-ended estimation was the most difficult, followed by estimation relative to a reference number and estimation within an order of magnitude. (MNS)

The development of a quantitative concept of rational numbers was explored in interviews with 16 fourth and fifth graders in two cities. High performers used a flexible and spontaneous application of concepts of rational number order and fraction equivalence, and a reference point, while low achievers tended not to. (MNS)

A model is proposed in which the quantification of inverse proportionality is developed beyond the initial qualitative relation. Based on a task analysis, the model was tested with 36 eleven-year-old students in a training experiment using a balance task. (MNS)

Implications of the radical perspective for social studies are examined. This perspective suggests that (1) emancipation should be the guiding social ideal; (2) social life should be understood in terms of such concepts as domination, autonomy, contradiction, and the social construction of knowledge; and (3) teaching should emphasize the…

Level of teacher enthusiasm did not affect the academic achievement of three- and four-year-old children. However, differences were noted in student behavior. Children taught at a high level of enthusiasm were more attentive, interested, and responsive. (Author/RM)

This study that examined the economic reasoning of preschool and elementary school children concluded that (1) the nature of children's economic reasoning is supportive of cognitive development theory; (2) children's economic reasoning varies somewhat by personal experiences, and (3) the intermediate grades are an appropriate level to emphasize…

A graduate course in global education increased teachers' global mindedness and provided them with a world order perspective. The teachers became less favorable toward the nationcentric perspective. At the same time, however, they continued to value their national identity. (Author/RM)

Explores teachers' beliefs and theories about students' thinking by examining the teachers' instructional goals, views on the depth versus breadth of content coverage issue, and conceptions of students' thinking. Finds important differences between teachers who were effective at promoting thoughtful classroom discourse and those who were not.…