The concept of music teacher does not resemble that of teacher, classical musician, or pop musician. The music teacher is seen as neutral in regard to evaluation and potency-activity. (Author)

General verbal problem solving techniques and a modified wanted-given technique were compared. Fifth graders using either of these two techniques did not score higher than control groups. Those using the wanted-given technique used correct procedures significantly more often. (DT)

A discovery approach was used with seven fourth grade classes while nine classes were taught by an expository methods. Expository pupils were significantly better in computation and discovery pupils significantly better in retention of ability to apply mathematics. Attitude improved more for those taught by the discovery approach. Some interaction…

A unit was designed to teach students to prove and understand a sequence of six theorems in number theory. After two formative pilot studies were conducted, the revised unit was tested with ten capable sixth graders. The students displayed an understanding of the theorems and were able to learn the proofs. (Author/DT)

Ninety-six fifth graders, stratified by achievement, were randomly assigned to training as individuals or pairs in one of three variety-of-training conditions for multiplication with fractions. Variation in training tasks facilitated transfer for students trained as individuals but inhibited transfer when trained as pairs. Training individuals in…

Tests were given after instruction in probability and four weeks later to 25 sixth graders. Correlation between achievement scores for each student was .78. Retention ratios for individuals, total tests, each objective, and each item indicated high initial performance may contribute to high retention. (Author/DT)

The ability of 135 first, second, and third grade classes to solve open sentences involving sums between 10 and 18 was investigated. Performance appeared to be related to grade level, operation, the position of the placeholder, and the existence of a solution within the set of whole numbers. (Author/DT)

First and second graders (n=81) were randomly partitioned into experimental and control groups. The experimentals were given experiences in sorting and seriating objects. Significant treatment and grade effects (p.01) were found on a seriation test, but no significant relationships between classification and transitivity nor seriation and…

Reviewed are studies on differences in mathematical achievement between boys and girls. Studies are sorted into pre-school, early elementary, upper elementary, and high school categories to synthesize the results. A summary is presented in the form of questions which arise from analysis of these studies' results. (JP)

Five forms of written feedback to homework assignments in a mathematics concepts course for elementary teachers were compared. Groups reveiving feedback which was directed specifically to a student's incorrect response scored significantly higher (p.05) on a retention test than groups receiving general explanation of the correct answer. (JP)

Seventy-one college students were taught probability and statistics for one month by one of three methods: MP, manipulative-pictorial; P, pictorial; and S, symbolic. Analysis of variance yielded significant differences (p.05) between treatment groups for selected subtests of an achievement test and generally favored MP and P over S.

Difficulty levels of 168 randomly generated multiplication problems were obtained by testing 238 fifth-graders. Variables concerning the number of operations, digits carried, and magnitude of the digits were defined, and a least-squares procedure was used to construct structural models accounting for 60-70 per cent of observed problem difficulty…

Investigated were the effects of five verbalizing methods (subject speaks, reads, writes, listens, or does not verbalize) on short-term retention of the ability to use discovered generalizations. No significant differences were found among the effects of the verbalizing methods for a retention test. (JP)

Subjects were randomly assigned to two methods of instruction for a unit on quadratic inequalities. It was expected that spatial visualization scores would predict transfer from the analytic approach while general reasoning would predict transfer from the graphical approach. No interaction was found. (Author/SD)

Subjects were randomly assigned to a deductively structured verbal-symbolic-numeric treatment or an inductively structured verbal-spatial-numeric treatment for a unit on quadratic inequalities. Success on the deductive symbolic approach was associated with general reasoning ability; success on the inductive spatial approach was associated with…