Focuses on the social and cultural implications of research. Underlying social research are assumptions about the nature of social control, the order and responsibility of society. Theory and methods give legitimacy to educational and cultural patterns, and function politically and ideologically. The author stresses the responsibilities of…

Summarizes the traditional definition of the scope and domain of the field's interest in citizenship education, and evaluates this definition in light of the present knowledge that the process of citizenship education involves several societal institutions. Considers the implications and conditions of broadening citizenship education to non-school…

Contends that a linear approach to a social justice curriculum cannot be developed because subject matter requires allowance for unanticipated objectives and outcomes to emerge during the course of study. Thus, different models of curriculum development are appropriate for different subject matter. Considers views of social justice represented in…

The cognitive range of 13 geometry teachers' questions was analyzed, and the extent to which these teachers asked questions at each of the four levels was analyzed. Findings showed significantly more comprehension questions than memory, application, or higher-level questions, and significantly more memory and application questions than…

Three instructional strategies were used for promoting the behaviors of drawing diagrams, approximating and verifying, constructing an equation, classifying data, and constructing a chart. Results showed subjects given instruction on specific behaviors were more likely to exhibit and use those problem-solving behaviors in new problem situations.…

Each of three groups was taught three unrelated mathematics concepts by one of three different sequences of instructional moves. Among the results were that a characterization-exemplification sequence was most effective on immediate acquisition of low-level items and exemplification-characterization-exemplification on short-term retention of…

The effect of varying problem vocabulary on students' accuracy and speed in computing story problems was investigated. Daily performance of seven learning disabled boys was measured over an 11 month period. Results showed problems containing extraneous information were computed more slowly and less accurately than any other class of problems. (DT)

Measurement of distance was used as a basis for teaching first-graders the relation of unit to quantity and the ordinal and transitive nature of natural numbers. These children performed much better on measurement evaluations and almost as well on set theory evaluations as comparison children taught through set theory. (DT)

Students were pretested, then 27 first graders were trained using a highly verbal procedure emphasizing class addition activities. On posttests, trained subjects significantly improved their class inclusion and number conservation scores, but no effects were found for substance conservation or transitivity. (DT)

First graders' length conservation was measured using a verbal and nonverbal test, and the results were compared as predictors of mathematics achievement. Findings showed that verbal conservation scores were superior to nonverbal conservation scores and to intelligence scores for predicting achievement. (DT)

Two studies are described which (a) determined whether the generality and inclusiveness of advance organizers (AOs) were the same as the mathematical generality or abstractness of concepts that might be used as AOs and (b) measured the effect of programmed recall of AOs in enhancing the learning of a mathematical concept. (DT)

Nine different attitude scales are briefly described. They cover attitude toward success in mathematics, mathematics as a male domain, mother's and father's attitude, teachers' attitudes, confidence in learning mathematics, mathematics anxiety, effectance motivation in mathematics, and mathematics usefulness. (DT)

This article indicates some needed research suggested from examining NAEP mathematics assessment data. (DT) Aspect of National Assessment (NAEP) dealt with in this document: Results (Interpretation).

Two criteria for social studies programs are presented: (1) deal directly with the concept of justice, and (2) provide for the direct practice of citizenship. Four texts are examined for meeting the criteria. Finally, a hypothetical grades 1-12 program is described that meets the criteria. (ND)

A small-town desegregated southern high school with blacks comprising two-thirds of the students was studied. About 200 students enrolled in an American history and government course were sampled. Data showed that racial separation occurred by ability grouping, elective course selection, classroom seating selection, verbal interaction, and…