Comments on Mark Blum's essay on the history of the interpretation of history. Applauds Blum's attempt but draws out problems associated with his argument's grounding in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and John Toews. Concludes by discussing a new historicism and a need for a postmodern turn in historical interpretation. (DSK)

Responds to Lynda Stone's comments on the author's essay on the interpretation of history. Demonstrates the linkages between his argument and those of Stone. Concludes by contesting some of her interpretations of his philosophical forebear, Edmund Husserl, and by pointing to the common objectives of both his and Stone's research. (DSK)

Offers an "outsider's perspective" on social education by someone who worked in other subfields of education before entering social studies. Discusses problems in social education, for example, the paucity of research in the field and the lack of perceived importance of social education. (DSK)

Muses on reasons why the education community seems to have an inherent inferiority complex when compared to other university fields. Contends that this is the result of refusing to adopt the position that educators must engage the need to control and ethically use the power that comes with their knowledge. (DSK)

Tested 5- through 9-year-old children in structured and unstructured contexts to determine their ability to demonstrate contrasts in tempo and dynamics using a synthesizer keyboard. Shows that they were able to demonstrate contrasts in loudness and duration. Reports further results based on varied environmental situations. (DSK)

Examines the relationships among accuracy in singing the starting pitch of a song and (1) perceived tonal center; (2) ability to maintain constant key while singing; (3) self-selected pitch level; and (4) previous music experience. Reports statistical results and relates them to the training of elementary education majors. (DSK)

Investigates the similarities and differences in how listeners with different levels of education experience demonstrate perception of tempo modulation in music. Reports that level of education may affect how listeners demonstrate differences and that responses depended on the direction of tempo change. Notes importance of the music education of…

Explores the effect of aptitude, two methods of introducing wind and string instruments, and the effect of socioeconomic status on children's attitude toward playing an instrument. Finds no relationship between musical aptitude and musical attitude, but that the method of introduction and socioeconomic status combined to affect children's…

Observes that biological sex is an important determinant of whether elementary students persevere in musical instrument training and hypothesizes that psychological sex-type may also play an important role. Shows that psychological sex-type directly impacts choice of instrument type. Suggests applications to musical instrument education. (DSK)

Investigates the effects on home practice of three different types of cassette tapes (a videotape, a modeling audiotape, and a nonmodeling audiotape) on the performance of beginning clarinet students. Finds no significant impact on amount of weekly practice, of practice using tapes, or of parental help based on tape type. (DSK)

Explores the effects of multicultural music-lesson planning on preservice elementary teachers' attitudes toward teaching from a multicultural perspective. Reveals a significant relationship between exposure to multicultural music and attitudes of willingness to teach it; no effect was observed on attitudes of willingness to teach in culturally…

Examines the relationship of sequential patterns of instruction and individual pattern components (including task presentation, student response, and teacher feedback) to the overall effectiveness of music lessons taught by elementary education majors. Indicates that there were no differences in teacher effectiveness scores based on instruction in…

Compares self-reported music class activity time use and actual time use of general music teachers. Indicates that teachers' own estimates of time use is greater than is the actual time. Reports additional findings related to general music teaching, teaching intensity, and teaching effectiveness. (DSK)

Investigates specific rehearsal behaviors exhibited by band directors in rehearsal settings with particular emphasis on the amount of time directors engaged in conceptual teaching behaviors. Shows that, on average, directors spent less than 3% of observed teaching time engaged in conceptual teaching behavior. Discusses implications for band…

Studies whether physical attractiveness of singers affects judges' ratings of their vocal performances. Reveals that physical attractiveness does impact evaluation, that male raters were more severe than female raters, and that the rating of undergraduate majors versus graduate students and professors combined were not differently affected by…