This review of the literature presents a systematic analysis of the capabilities and limitations of cochlear implant (CI) recipients with regard to music perception. Specifically, it (a) analyzes individual components of music (e.g., rhythm, timbre, and pitch) as they interface with the technical characteristics of CIs and the perceptual abilities of the recipients and (b) describes accommodations for music instruction that support successful participation of children with CIs. This article consolidates research studies from various disciplines (audiology, hearing science, speech-language pathology, CIs, and music therapy) to provide practical recommendations for educators in fostering the musical growth of children with CIs.