A commonly held belief is that language is an aspect of the biological system since the capacity to acquire language is innate and evolved along Darwinian lines. Written language, on the other hand, is thought to be an artifact and a surrogate of speech; it is, therefore, neither natural nor biological. This disparaging view of written language,…

Examines the long-term effects of instruction on the reading achievement of children diagnosed as having learning disability and were taught in resource rooms. Studies the consequences of such instruction on the cognitive level of children identified as having reading disability. Finds that resource room placement and instruction have deleterious…

Presents a study that compares the efficacy of the two formulas: Reading Comprehension = Decoding x Listening Comprehension, and Reading Comprehension = Decoding + Listening Comprehension. Presents a second study that explores whether adding another factor, speed of processing, to the "Simple View of Reading" formula improves its ability to…