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Direct linkPennington, Martha C.; Hoekje, Barbara J. – RELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2010
A language program is a delicate and intricate system of interacting resources or components, which, like a biological ecology, is in a constant state of evolution and change. The interactive system making up the program's internal culture is connected ecologically to the external environment. The ecological model is introduced as a useful…
Descriptors: Second Language Programs, Administrator Role, Program Development, Second Language Instruction
Pennington, Martha C. – RELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research in Southeast Asia, 1989
Pronunciation is reexamined from a "top-down" perspective that shifts the focus of attention in language instruction from individual phonemes to suprasegmentals and other features of the larger context of utterances, including prosody, phonological fluency, voice quality, and gestures. (57 references) (Author/LB)
Descriptors: Body Language, Distinctive Features (Language), Foreign Countries, Intonation
