Borrowing from the legacy of feminist and multicultural theories, various counseling fields have applied portions of empowerment theory to their work with oppressed clients. This article examines the main concepts associated with empowerment theory and provides important implications for professional school counselors.

In this article, the authors provide their reactions to the commentaries of Mitcham-Smith and Schmidt on their study. As Mitcham-Smith and Schmidt in their responses both suggest, it is evident that if professional school counselors are to be successful in facilitating the empowerment of students, they must engage in a self-reflective process…

Culturally competent schools are successful in both meeting the challenges and seizing the opportunities associated with multiculturalism and diversity. This article explores collaboration between school counselors and school psychologists for promoting such schools. The complementary nature of the roles of these professionals emerging from…

This article explores the nature of professional school counseling in urban settings. An overview of key characteristics of the urban environment and urban schools first provides context for the role of the professional school counselor in such a setting. Second, specific challenges facing urban school counselors are considered. Third, a set of…

Much has been written in recent years about the concept of empowerment, particularly as it relates to urban youth of color. The author agrees with Bemak et al.'s underlying premise that much of what is written about and practiced with respect to the empowerment of African American youth makes the assumption that counselors somehow empower young…

Provides direction for planning, implementing, and evaluating culturally responsive school counseling programs. Explores the concept of a culturally responsive school and considers the ways that a comprehensive guidance and counseling program can promote such a school. Discusses counselor roles and functions considered critical for enhancing the…