The purpose of this quantitative research study was to observe if students' levels of Mathematics Self-Efficacy (MSE) had any effect on how they used resources available to them through an academic intervention and retention program. The sample size consisted of 81 students admitted to a four year university under the special criteria of first-generation, single parent household, and/or financially disadvantaged status. This study was completed during one standard university semester (approx. 4 months). A survey tool was used to measure their MSE levels and their frequency of usage of specified resources. The results suggested that those students with a positive change in MSE showed an increase in a variety of resources were as those who had a negative or no change in their MSE levels showed a decrease in their usage of the same resources. It was also identified that for more conclusive results, this study could be converted into a longitudinal study. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]