Learning gaps exist between economic and ethnic subgroups. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a pre-kindergarten music class on kindergarten math and reading scores. The research involved three metropolitan elementary schools where nearly 90% of the students participated in free and reduced lunch and approximately half of the students at the treatment school qualified to participate in ELL programs. After nine months of pre-kindergarten music, the treatment yielded statistically significant results in four of the measures. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]