Discusses the events in the ninth century that moved astronomy away from the pursuit of mystical hermetic sciences and astrology back toward observation and measurement. Describes the achievements of astronomers and the instruments and calculations used during that period. (JRH)

Discusses the discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896. Describes his experiments and communications. (JRH)

Reviews the historical development of thermometry and the origins of the Fahrenheit and Celsius temberature scales. (CS)

Recounts the contributions of Robert Goddard from the years of 1911 to 1930 to the development of the physics of rocketry. Discusses the results of Goddard's series of rocket experiments endorsed by the Smithsonian Institute, and Goddard's claims to priority in the development of rocket theory. (MDH)

Describes the scientific work of several women, including Marie Curie, Lise Meitner, Ida Noddack, Irene Curie, Marguerite Perey, Chien-Shiung Wu, and Maria Mayer. Discusses the connections between their discoveries. Thirty-six references are listed. (YP)

Presents a brief life history of Maria Goeppert Mayer who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for her work in atomic physics. (JRH)