The article addresses "Bildung" from a Finnish perspective and asks: Are there specific meanings of Bildung that are typical of a certain time and place? The author applies a multi-layered theory of critical positivism, adapting its three-level structure to music education and the concept of "Bildung." First, she discusses…

This essay considers the music curriculum from a philosophical perspective, focusing on the tension between freedom (personal autonomy) and discipline (moral and ethical principles). The approach could be characterized as hermeneutical: the aim is to deepen our understanding through discussing the basic arguments for justifying the inclusion of…

A reply to Frede V. Nielsen's, "Didactology as a Field of Theory and Research in Music Education" is presented. According to Nielsen, the principal question concerning Didaktik is What is the essential content in music education? The author of this article, however, argues that this is a philosophical (as well as a legal) issue concerning the aims…