Although Rochester, New York, is a pioneer in teacher reform, change has been painfully slow. Pockets of success are not reflected in district statistics. The 1987 reforms directed at teachers were not far-reaching enough to ensure improved test scores, given continuing problems of large class sizes, crowded schools, students' increasing poverty,…

From her own experience as a secondary teacher in the People's Republic of China, the author concludes that multiyear student/teacher relationships have great potential for improving the academic and social/emotional environments of secondary schools. In China, the multiyear commitment gives teachers considerable academic autonomy and demands…

Developing a block schedule and surviving its first year of implementation require an open mind, a flexible spirit, and commitment. Discusses the basics of block scheduling; curricular alignment, course development, and unit design; pacing guides for time management; instruction strategies and lesson designs; classroom management; advanced…

Eric Hanushek's conclusion that money does not matter in public education is debatable. His latest meta-analysis reviews many articles from economics journals, while omitting several published in education journals. He finds no relationship between test results and spending, yet labels schools inefficient. In other research, the Annie Casey…

Widespread support for the National Forum on Assessment's 1995 "Principles and Indicators" shows deep desire for a radical reconstruction of student assessment practices. Assessment to enhance student learning should rest on certain foundations: an understanding of how student learning occurs; clear statements of desired, universal learning…

According to the 1997 Phi Delta Kappan poll, the public believes that providing more computers, relocating "troublemakers," establishing national standards, and expanding school choice would help improve student achievement. Three factors influence school success: strong parental support, adequate funding, and cooperative students. Lack of…

Portfolios, demonstrations, exhibitions, displays, and video attestations all challenge traditional test theory, which is focused on individuals in isolation. However, teachers are expected to work collaboratively and resolve problems within a social context. Instead of limiting collaboration when evaluating a teacher's site-based portfolio,…

Although a constructivist approach to learning calls into question the adequacy of norm-referenced, multiple-choice tests, these tests will persist into the 21st century. This article describes a classroom-based study that helped collaboratively oriented fifth graders develop problem-solving strategies to select answers to test questions. This…

Describes the movement to make new assessments powerful levers for school improvement, restructuring, and accountability. Suggests the dangers posed by accountability-inspired external assessments. The primary condition for effective assessment is that teachers, principals, and the community be at the center of the assessment enterprise. Profiles…

Context-driven, classroom-based tests are no substitute for districtwide assessments, whose purpose is to furnish rich, compelling evidence about the achievement of district goals. The challenge is to create large-scale assessments that align with district goals, reflect classroom practice, and provide evidence of student learning.…

Being bullied is neither a "part of growing up" nor a "rite of passage." Some children never get over the fear and humiliation. Effective remedies include tougher discipline, increased supervision, counseling for students, and inservice training for teachers. A widely used Norwegian intervention by Daniel Olweus creates a school environment…

Hirsch, author of "Cultural Literacy" (1987), wishes that progressive instructional methods were carefully monitored to see whether kids are actually learning. An "anti-subject-matter" orientation suits middle-class students better than kids from less educated families. Most elementary curricula stress "tool skills" over academic content. To close…

Richard Rothstein's booklet "What Do We Know About Declining (Or Rising) Student Achievement?" claims that anecdotes about past educational practices are unreliable and difficult to relate to today's schools. Curricula and tests change; so do student populations. There are no solid historical measures, including three well-known standardized…

Character education often uses exhortations and extrinsic inducements to make children behave and work harder. Extrinsic rewards and awards erode intrinsically motivated behavior. Programs should answer five basic questions, avoid indoctrination, and provide students with opportunities to construct meaning around moral concepts and to change…

A conservative view of education and character formation holds that there are no "value-free" schools, but there are "good" and "bad" values intrinsically embedded in our institutions. Good character education is comprised of three elements: example, study, and practice. Schools serving a heterogeneous population are properly nonsectarian.…