NotesFAQContact Us
Collection
Advanced
Search Tips
50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is celebrating its 50th Birthday! First opened on May 15th, 1964 ERIC continues the long tradition of ongoing innovation and enhancement.

Learn more about the history of ERIC here. PDF icon

Back to results
ERIC Number: EJ579420
Record Type: CIJE
Publication Date: 1999
Pages: N/A
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: N/A
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0031-7217
Urinalysis?
Zirkel, Perry A.
Phi Delta Kappan, v80 n5 p409-10 Jan 1999
By upholding a student's refusal to provide a urine sample, the Seventh Circuit Court correctly avoided further erosion of the Fourth Amendment's privacy principle. In "New Jersey v T.L.O." (1995), the U.S. Supreme Court shrunk the probable-cause standard to reasonable suspicion in the special context of public schools, retaining the individualized standard. (MLH)
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials; Reports - Evaluative
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers: Fourth Amendment; Indiana; New Jersey v TLO; Probable Cause; Supreme Court; Urinalysis