The history of American higher education is followed from the colonial attitude of elitist education to the current move toward external degree programs. The evolving philosophy is traced along with the accompanying educational practices. (JMF)

This article presents a historical perspective of American Indian education and relates concepts to current trends. Native and colonial Americans saw education as the vehicle through which the community trained individuals in all aspects of life. Self-determination was, and still is, the theme of education for American Indian nations. (DF)

School finance reform litigation has been an important issue among educators and legislators over the last decade. A history of the reform movement is given in two phases from 1965 to 1979. A summary and analysis of reform legislation concludes the report. (JN)

The integration of planning and assessment procedures into educational administrative routines is viewed in relation to school surveys, a criteria-based means for measuring the operational efficiency of a school system. The school survey movement in the United States, characteristics of public school surveys, and the educational planning process…

The initiation of a national examination system in the People's Republic of China has had a marked impact upon educational policies. An historical overview of the Chinese educational system, the nature of the national examination, and implications of curricular change are used to support the assumption that curricular change can have profound…

The central lesson that educational reformers can derive from historical antecedents is that pedagogical practice is highly contextual, making the success of every reform contingent on the extent to which it can be interpreted and adapted in the light of particular conditions. (IAH)

This article proposes rules of thumb about the teacher education design process. The rules are grounded in the attempts at reforming teacher education at Washington University in the early 1970s, at a time during which a year-long, field-based alternative to the traditional elementary program was operated. (IAH)

The article examines the development, implementation, and dismantling of the Division of Teacher Education, Indiana University during the mid-1970s. This reform effort sought to institutionalize change in preservice teacher preparation. (IAH)

One in a collection of articles on George Peabody describes the author's experiences writing and publishing a doctoral dissertation on Peabody's educational philanthropy. The paper lists the sources to which the research trail led and gives an overview of Peabody's importance as a merchant turned international banker and educational…

One in a collection of articles on George Peabody provides a short biography of Peabody, who grew up poor, became wealthy, then gave of his wealth for education. (SM)

One in a collection of articles on George Peabody, a self-made millionaire who donated enormous sums to support education, examines Peabody's efforts after the Civil War to support education, highlighting the development of Peabody College (Tennessee) and Peabody's generous use of his fortune for libraries, churches, and educational institutions.…

One of several articles on George Peabody, who made the largest educational benefaction ever in his time, notes how Peabody set the pattern for modern large-scale philanthropy. The article examines Peabody's history as a businessman, philanthropist, and master teacher worldwide and discusses his influence on museums and libraries. (SM)

One of a collection of articles on George Peabody, self-made millionaire and educational philanthropist, tells the story of the woman Peabody nearly married when he was 42. The woman chose to marry someone else rather than him. Though he was silent on the matter, out of his pain grew his great philanthropy. (SM)

One of a collection of articles on philanthropist George Peabody tells the story of two bronze doors made by sculptor Louis Amateis for the U.S. Capitol. The doors include a panel entitled Apotheosis of America that captures Amateis' vision of the spirit of America and includes the figures of George Peabody and other historic personages. (SM)

One of a collection of articles on self-made millionaire and educational philanthropist George Peabody examines the history of his work in Maryland and with the Maryland Historical Society. Peabody always sought to enrich Maryland's culture, and his most important gift to Maryland was the Peabody Institute of Baltimore. (SM)