The medical model of handicaps compartmentalizes and judges handicapped people. Physicians have played a crucial role in diagnosing mental deficiency, explaining its causes, and developing treatment programs in England. The prejudices inherent in the medical model must be discarded in order to meet the educational needs of disabled children. (IS)

Eugenists in Edwardian Great Britain believed that society was in imminent danger because degenerate individuals were outbreeding normal people. Four strategies to prevent the unfit from reproducing--regulation, birth control, sterilization, and segregation--are discussed as well as the political and social climate in which eugenics developed. (IS)

Eugenics was not exclusively the concern of conservatives; it also appealed to certain socialists, particularly those whose middle class status was dependent upon their expert services and who believed that social problems could be resolved scientifically. Reasons for the appeal of eugenics to this group are discussed. (IS)

Since 1872, legislation has required that some education be provided for all Scottish children. Legislation affecting the schooling of mentally handicapped children since then is discussed. A trend away from institutionalization toward more localized and individualized treatment is noted. Despite progress, problems exist in training teachers and…

Schools in Oxfordshire (England) are gradually moving toward integrating special needs students into regular classrooms and relying on a resource room model to provide extra services. While evolutionary change has minimized certain problems, the lack of overall policy direction has led to some problems for local education authorities. (IS)

The forces for the segregation of mentally handicapped children still predominate over the forces for integration in Great Britain. The desire to keep the mentally handicapped segregated comes not from educational or medical considerations but from the stratified nature of the educational system and the political agenda of the conservative…

A study of severely mentally retarded children in Great Britain attending regular schools led to a series of recommendations. These include the need for more information exchange between professionals about the students and teaching techniques, improvements in school organization and teacher quality, and a change in attitudes about retardation.…

Many say that the functions of education are skill development, socialization, and sorting. These objectives are contrasted with the four objectives for higher education that Lord Robbins included in his 1963 report: instruction in skills, promotion of general powers of the mind, advancement of learning, and transmission of common standards of…

School standards and the educational objectives of Great Britain's schools for students up to age 16 are the major focus of this speech. Changes needed in the curriculum and in the 16+ examination system to achieve higher academic standards are examined. How to keep high-quality teachers is also discussed. (RM)

Examines the place of Oxford University within the changing system of British higher education. Surveys indicate that Oxford continues to attract high quality students. Faculty members at other universities consider it an excellent educational institution and a highly desirable place to work. Oxford graduates have better career opportunities than…

Access to higher education in Great Britain has been restricted. The structure of British secondary education limits the number of potential college applicants. In order to maintain its funding and undergraduate enrollment levels, Oxford must admit more students from state-run schools. (AM)

Oxford undergraduates were surveyed to determine how well their actual educational experiences matched their original expectations about the university. Students evaluated how much they were really allowed to specialize in chosen fields, the effectiveness of the tutorial system, and the value of their membership in the academic community. (AM)

Examines the purpose and structure of British graduate education. Research and course work, supervised work, and independent study all need to be balanced to meet the needs of the student and requirements of the subject area. The effects of retrenchment on graduate education are discussed. (AM)

The next two decades will be a period of expansion in part-time adult continuing education in Great Britain. Demographic, economic, financial, and sociological pressures are causing this change in education. Arguments for and against the expanded adult education provision in universities are presented. (AM)

Critiques the effectiveness of three national governing boards which control and manage British higher education. Arguments for increasing the powers of the University Grants Committee and decreasing those of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals are presented. (AM)