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Direct linkGonand, Frederic; Joumard, Isabelle; Price, Robert – OECD Publishing (NJ1), 2007
This paper presents composite indicators of the institutional and policy characteristics of educational systems, collated from the questionnaire responses of 26 Member countries. These indicators provide an overview of the institutional framework in the primary and secondary education sector and are constructed so as to be used for the analysis of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Public Education, Questionnaires, Educational Assessment
Joumard, Isabelle; Giorno, Claude – OECD Publishing (NJ1), 2005
In about two decades, Spain was transformed from one of the most centralised countries to one of the most decentralised. Spending functions were devolved rapidly. Following the rapid decentralisation to the regions since the early 1980s, the sub-national authorities now have more staff to manage than the central government and have…
Descriptors: Budgets, Budgeting, Foreign Countries, Public Sector
Joumard, Isabelle – OECD Publishing (NJ1), 2005
Enhanced autonomy of sub-national governments has spurred innovative management. Spending assignments across levels of government, however, often overlap and/or are not yet fully understood by most citizens. Sub-national governments' accountability is further reduced by the heavy reliance on federal transfers, as opposed to own-revenues (taxes and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Public Sector, Educational Finance, Administrative Organization
