Bilingual classrooms most often have strict language arrangements about when and who should speak what language to whom. This practice responds to diglossic arrangements and models of bilingualism developed in the 20th century. However, in the 21st century, heteroglossic bilingual conceptualizations are needed in which the complex discursive…

A factor analysis of a test battery that included early first-language (L1) achievement, L1 cognitive ability, second-language (L2) aptitude, and L2 affective measures to predict oral and written L2 proficiency was conducted. The analysis yielded 4 factors that were labeled Language Analysis, composed of L1 and L2 language comprehension, grammar,…

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) literature notes concerns with research in the field, and many of these concerns are similar to those noted for second language acquisition research in general. One fundamental problem is the general failure to address Garrett's (1991) assertion that research must consider classroom context. We believe…

The purpose of this research study is to compare the effectiveness of 2 different instructional approaches to language instruction--integrated (oral plus written) versus oral-only instruction--in developing oral language skills of young students learning English as a second language (ESL). Drawing upon 2 competing research perspectives on young…

This study explores a child's emergent second language (L2) interactional competence during her first year in a Swedish immersion classroom. Within the theoretical framework of situated learning, it focuses on how she acquires expertise in a specific classroom practice: multiparty classroom talk. The data cover three periods (the early, middle,…

Swain (1985) pointed out the need for increased modified output in the classroom in order to encourage learners to engage in more syntactic processing and, thus, make more form-meaning connections. Research in content-based instruction (CBI) ( Musumeci, 1996; Pica, 2002) has revealed few occasions of pushed modified output from learners.…

This study presents the results of an electronic survey of 2,500 randomly selected alumni from the graduating classes of 1970 through 2002 of Thunderbird, The American Graduate School of International Management. Of the 2,500 alumni, 581 responded. Thunderbird required a minimum of 4 semesters of foreign language for graduation. The survey…

Assesses the speaking, reading, listening, and writing proficiency of students of Russian after one, two, three, four, and five years of study using tests based on the proficiency scale of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. Results indicate that the correlations among the four skills were not strong, suggesting that they…

Receptive reading and aural skills, and productive or communicative skills in foreign languages are discussed. It is proposed that students should receive training in one language for productive skills, in two for aural comprehension and in other languages for a basic reading ability. (CHK)

A German language summer weekly "reader" containing a reading passage, a writing exercise, a puzzle, and an "odds and ends" section was sent to high school students completing German I. Tests showed the reader had a significant effect on German writing proficiency and reading comprehension as students entered German II. (CHK)

The American academic community views translation as a mechanical craft; this article argues that it is a skill, an art and a science, requiring intellectual and creative use of language. The gradual acceptance of translation as a subject for dissertations is discussed, and a survey of translation-related dissertations included. (CHK)

Discusses the job situation as it is at the present time for speakers of Russian and suggests ways in which increased trade activity between the United States and the Soviet Union will result in more job opportunities in the future. (Author/CLK)

Reviews significant endeavors in the teaching of intonation, and outlines a specific technique of the instruction of suprasegmentals. (CLK)

Gives employment opportunity information in the following fields where foreign language can be used as an auxiliary skill: 1) Business, Industry, Commerce; 2) Civil Service; 3) Education; 4) Law; 5) Library Science; 6) Media; 7) Science; 8) Service; 9) Social Sciences; 10) Travel, Tourism. The fields of foreign language teaching and interpretation…

Written to orient foreign language teachers to the concept of career education, to clear up some misconceptions that may exist, and to offer some suggestions as to how career education could benefit the profession. (PM)