Measurement is a semantic frame, a constellation of relationships and concepts that correspond to recurring patterns in human activity, highlighting typical roles, processes, and viewpoints (e.g., the "commercial event") but not others. One uses semantic frames to reason about unique and complex situations--sometimes intuitively, sometimes…

Paul E. Newton's "Clarifying the Consensus Definition of Validity" addresses the single most important, yet stubbornly protean, value in educational and psychological assessment. "Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing" (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in…

In "Updating the Duplex Design for Test-Based Accountability in the Twenty-First Century," Bejar and Graf (2010) propose extensions to the duplex design for large-scale assessment presented in Bock and Mislevy (1988). Examining the range of people who use assessment results--from students, teachers, administrators, curriculum designers,…