Before primitive man had grasped the concept of number, the written word or even speech, he was able to count. This was important for keeping track of food supplies, sending messages, trading between villages and even keeping track of how many animals were in their herd. Counting was done in various ways, but in all cases, the underlying principle was one-to-one correspondence. This correspondence between the objects being counted and their counting aid, enabled primitive man to make the first important steps towards an abstract counting system. Over time, and at varying places around the world different methods for counting arose. This document analyzes a survey of counting aids such as collections of pebbles, tally sticks and knotted strings, the use of the hand as a way of representing numbers, and counting with other parts of the body.